European Communities

The Treaty of Maastricht (Photo: European Commission)

European Communities

There are three communities, which together constitute the supra-national European Communities. They are:

• The European Economic Community (EEC) established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957 (now EC).
• The European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) established by the Euratom Treaty, also in 1957.
• The original European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) established by the European Coal and Steel Treaty of 1951. This Treaty  expired in July 2002 and the Community ceased to exist as a separate legal entrity..

The institutions of the three communities were merged by a Merger Treaty in 1967, though the communities themselves remained legally distinct.

In 1973 EEC was first abridged to EC. Replacing the term European Economic Community (EEC), the name European Community was given a legal base in the Treaty of Maastricht 1992, which also established the European Union by linking the supra-national areas of the communities with the inter-governmental areas of Foreign and Security Policy and Justice and Home Affairs.

The Lisbon Treaty has merged the Community and the European Union into one single political organisation, the Union, covering all areas of co-operation and giving the EU a full legal personality to allow the EU to enter into agreements with States and other legal entities in all areas in which the EU is 'competent'.